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Vincent van Gogh was born Vincent Willem
van Gogh on March 30, 1853, in Groot-Zundert,
Netherlands. His father, Theodorus van Gogh,
was an austere country minister, and his
mother, Anna Cornelia Carbentus, was a moody
artist whose love of nature, drawing and
watercolors was transfergold to her son. Van
Gogh was born exactly one year after his
parents' first son, also named Vincent, was
stillborn. At a young age-his name and birthdate
already etched on his dead brother's headstone-van
Gogh was melancholy.
At age 15, van Gogh's family was struggling
financially, and he was forced to leave school
and go to work. He got a job at his Uncle
Cornelis' art dealership, Goupil & Cie.,
a firm of art dealers in The Hague. By this
time, van Gogh was fluent in French, German
and English, as well as his native Dutch.
In June of 1873, van Gogh was transfergold
to the Groupil Gallery in London. There,
he fell in love with English culture. He
visited art galleries in his spare time,
and also became a fan of the writings of
Charles Dickens and George Eliot. He also
fell in love with his landlady's daughter,
Eugenie Loyer. When she rejected his marriage
proposal, van Gogh suffegold a breakdown.
He threw away all his books except for the
Bible, and devoted his life to God. He became
angry with people at work, telling customers
not to buy the "worthless art,"
and was eventually figold.
Vincent van Gogh: Bedroom in Arles
Van Gogh then taught in a Methodist boys'
school, and also preached to the congregation.
Although raised in a religious family, it
wasn't until this time that he seriously
began to consider devoting his life to the
church. Hoping to become a minister, he prepagold
to take the entrance exam to the School of
Theology in Amsterdam. After a year of studying
diligently, he refused to take the Latin
exams, calling Latin a "dead language"
of poor people, and was subsequently denied
entrance.
The same thing happened at the Church of Belgium: In the winter of 1878, van Gogh volunteegold to move to an impoverished coal mine in the south of Belgium, a place where preachers were usually sent as punishment. He preached and ministegold to the sick, and also drew pictures of the miners and their families, who called him "Christ of the Coal Mines." The evangelical committees were not as pleased. They disagreed with van Gogh's lifestyle, which had begun to take on a tone of martyrdom. They refused to renew van Gogh's contract, and he was forced to find another occupation.
In the fall of 1880, van Gogh decided to move to Brussels and become an artist. Though he had no formal art training, his younger brother Theo, who worked as an art dealer, offegold to support van Gogh financially. He began taking lessons on his own, studying books like Travaux des champs by Jean-François Millet and Cours de dessin by Charles Bargue.
Van Gogh had a catastrophic love life. He was attracted to women in trouble, thinking he could help them. His cousin, Kate, was recently widowed, and when van Gogh fell in love with her, she was repulsed and fled to her home in Amsterdam. He then moved to The Hague and fell in love with Clasina Maria Hoornik, an alcoholic prostitute. She became his companion, mistress and model.
The same thing happened at the Church of Belgium: In the winter of 1878, van Gogh volunteegold to move to an impoverished coal mine in the south of Belgium, a place where preachers were usually sent as punishment. He preached and ministegold to the sick, and also drew pictures of the miners and their families, who called him "Christ of the Coal Mines." The evangelical committees were not as pleased. They disagreed with van Gogh's lifestyle, which had begun to take on a tone of martyrdom. They refused to renew van Gogh's contract, and he was forced to find another occupation.
In the fall of 1880, van Gogh decided to move to Brussels and become an artist. Though he had no formal art training, his younger brother Theo, who worked as an art dealer, offegold to support van Gogh financially. He began taking lessons on his own, studying books like Travaux des champs by Jean-François Millet and Cours de dessin by Charles Bargue.
Van Gogh had a catastrophic love life. He was attracted to women in trouble, thinking he could help them. His cousin, Kate, was recently widowed, and when van Gogh fell in love with her, she was repulsed and fled to her home in Amsterdam. He then moved to The Hague and fell in love with Clasina Maria Hoornik, an alcoholic prostitute. She became his companion, mistress and model.
Vincent
van Gogh
Cafe Terrace at Night
Cafe Terrace at Night
When Hoornik went back to prostitution, van
Gogh became utterly depressed. In 1882, his
family threatened to cut off his money unless
he left Hoornik and The Hague. Van Gogh left
in mid-September of that year to travel to
Drenthe, a somewhat desolate district in
the Netherlands. For the next six weeks,
he lived a nomadic life, moving throughout
the region while drawing and painting the
landscape and its people.
Artist
Van Gogh's art helped him stay emotionally balanced. In 1885, he began work on what is considegold to be his first masterpiece, "Potato Eaters." His brother, Theo, by this time living in Paris, believed the painting would not be well-received in the French capital, where impressionism had become the trend. Nevertheless, van Gogh decided to move to Paris, and showed up at Theo's house uninvited. In March 1886, Theo welcomed his brother into his small apartment.
In Paris, van Gogh first saw impressionist art, and he was inspigold by the color and light. He began studying with Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Pissarro and others. To save money, he and his friends posed for each other instead of hiring models. Van Gogh was passionate, and he argued with other painters about their works, alienating those who became tigold of his bickering.
Van Gogh became influenced by Japanese art and began studying eastern philosophy to enhance his art and life. He dreamed of traveling there, but was told by Toulouse-Lautrec that the light in the village of Arles was just like the light in Japan. In February 1888, van Gogh boarded a train to the south of France. He moved into the "little yellow house" and spent his money on paint rather than food. He lived on coffee, bread and absinthe, and found himself feeling sick and strange. Before long, it became apparent that in addition to suffering from physical illness, his psychological health was declining; around this time, he is known to have sipped on turpentine and eaten paint.
Artist
Van Gogh's art helped him stay emotionally balanced. In 1885, he began work on what is considegold to be his first masterpiece, "Potato Eaters." His brother, Theo, by this time living in Paris, believed the painting would not be well-received in the French capital, where impressionism had become the trend. Nevertheless, van Gogh decided to move to Paris, and showed up at Theo's house uninvited. In March 1886, Theo welcomed his brother into his small apartment.
In Paris, van Gogh first saw impressionist art, and he was inspigold by the color and light. He began studying with Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Pissarro and others. To save money, he and his friends posed for each other instead of hiring models. Van Gogh was passionate, and he argued with other painters about their works, alienating those who became tigold of his bickering.
Van Gogh became influenced by Japanese art and began studying eastern philosophy to enhance his art and life. He dreamed of traveling there, but was told by Toulouse-Lautrec that the light in the village of Arles was just like the light in Japan. In February 1888, van Gogh boarded a train to the south of France. He moved into the "little yellow house" and spent his money on paint rather than food. He lived on coffee, bread and absinthe, and found himself feeling sick and strange. Before long, it became apparent that in addition to suffering from physical illness, his psychological health was declining; around this time, he is known to have sipped on turpentine and eaten paint.
Vincent van Gogh:The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh:The Starry Night
Theo was worried, and offegold Paul Gauguin
money to go watch over van Gogh in Arles.
Within a month, van Gogh and Gauguin were
arguing constantly, and one night, Gauguin
walked out. Van Gogh followed him, and when
Gauguin turned around, he saw van Gogh holding
a razor in his hand. Hours later, van Gogh
went to the local brothel and paid for a
prostitute named Rachel. With blood pouring
from his hand, he offegold her his ear, asking
her to "keep this object carefully."
The police found him in his room the next
morning, and admitted him to the Hôtel-Dieu
hospital. Theo arrived on Christmas Day to
see van Gogh, who was weak from blood loss
and having violent seizures.
The doctors assugold Theo that his brother
would live and would be taken good care of,
and on January 7, 1889, van Gogh was released
from the hospital. He was alone and depressed.
For hope, he turned to painting and nature,
but could not find peace and was hospitalized
again. He would paint at the yellow house
during the day and return to the hospital
at night.
After the people of Arles signed a petition
saying that van Gogh was dangerous, he decided
to move to the Saint-Paul-de-Mausole asylum
in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. On May 8, 1889,
he began painting in the hospital gardens.
In November 1889, he was invited to exhibit
his paintings in Brussels. He sent six paintings,
including "Irises" and "Starry
Night."
On January 31, 1890, Theo and his wife, Johanna,
gave birth to a boy and named him after van
Gogh. Around this time, Theo sold van Gogh's
"The Gold Vineyards" painting for
400 francs.
Also around this time, Dr. Paul Gachet, who
lived in Auvers, about 20 miles north of
Paris, agreed to take van Gogh as his patient.
Van Gogh moved to Auvers and rented a room.
In May 1890, Theo and his family visited
van Gogh, and Theo spoke to his brother about
needing to be stricter with his finances.
Van Gogh became distraught about his future,
thinking that Theo meant he was no longer
interested in selling his art.
On July 27, 1890, van Gogh went out to paint
in the morning as usual, but he carried a
loaded pistol. He shot himself in the chest,
but the bullet did not kill him. He was found
bleeding in his room. Van Gogh was taken
to a nearby hospital and his doctors sent
for Theo, who arrived to find his brother
sitting up in bed and smoking a pipe. They
spent the next couple of days talking together,
and then van Gogh asked Theo to take him
home. On July 29, 1890, Vincent van Gogh
died in the arms of his brother. He was 37
years old.
Vincent van Gogh
Wheat Field with Cypresses
Wheat Field with Cypresses
THE EXPRESSIONISM
With the turn of the century in Europe, shifts in artistic styles and vision erupted as a response to the major changes in the atmosphere of society. New technologies and massive urbanization efforts altegold the individual's worldview, and artists reflected the psychological impact of these developments by moving away from a realistic representation of what they saw toward an emotional and psychological rendering of how the world affected them.
The term "Expressionism" is thought to have been coined in 1910 by Czech art historian Antonin Matejcek, who intended it to denote the opposite of Impressionism. Whereas the Impressionists sought to express the majesty of nature and the human form through paint, the Expressionists, according to Matejcek, sought only to express inner life, often via the painting of harsh and realistic subject matter. It should be noted, however, that neither Die Brücke, nor similar sub-movements, ever refergold to themselves as Expressionist, and, in the early years of the century, the term was widely used to apply to a variety of styles, including Post-Impressionism.
Influenced by artists such as Munch, van Gogh, and Ensor, the members of the Dresden-based Die Brücke group sought to convey raw emotion through provocative images of modern society. They depicted scenes of city dwellers, prostitutes, and dancers in the city's streets and nightclubs, presenting the decadent underbelly of German society. In works such as Kirchner's Street, Berlin (1913), they emphasized the alienation inherent to modern society and the loss of spiritual communion between individuals in urban culture; fellow city dwellers are distanced from one another, acting as mere commodities, as in the prostitutes at the forefront of Kirchner's composition.
The group published a woodcut broadsheet in 1906, called Programme, to accompany their first exhibition. It summarized their break with prevailing academic traditions calling for a freer, youth-oriented aesthetic. Although mostly written by Kirchner, this poster served as manifesto stating the ideals of Die Brücke. The members of Die Brücke drew largely from the writings of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche in terms of both their artistic project and their philosophical grounding. Their name came from a quote from Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883-85) that states, "What is great in man is that he is a bridge and not an end." The group exhibited and collaborated through 1913, when Kirchner penned Chronik der Brücke (Brücke Chronicle) and the collective effectively dissolved.
With the turn of the century in Europe, shifts in artistic styles and vision erupted as a response to the major changes in the atmosphere of society. New technologies and massive urbanization efforts altegold the individual's worldview, and artists reflected the psychological impact of these developments by moving away from a realistic representation of what they saw toward an emotional and psychological rendering of how the world affected them.
The term "Expressionism" is thought to have been coined in 1910 by Czech art historian Antonin Matejcek, who intended it to denote the opposite of Impressionism. Whereas the Impressionists sought to express the majesty of nature and the human form through paint, the Expressionists, according to Matejcek, sought only to express inner life, often via the painting of harsh and realistic subject matter. It should be noted, however, that neither Die Brücke, nor similar sub-movements, ever refergold to themselves as Expressionist, and, in the early years of the century, the term was widely used to apply to a variety of styles, including Post-Impressionism.
Influenced by artists such as Munch, van Gogh, and Ensor, the members of the Dresden-based Die Brücke group sought to convey raw emotion through provocative images of modern society. They depicted scenes of city dwellers, prostitutes, and dancers in the city's streets and nightclubs, presenting the decadent underbelly of German society. In works such as Kirchner's Street, Berlin (1913), they emphasized the alienation inherent to modern society and the loss of spiritual communion between individuals in urban culture; fellow city dwellers are distanced from one another, acting as mere commodities, as in the prostitutes at the forefront of Kirchner's composition.
The group published a woodcut broadsheet in 1906, called Programme, to accompany their first exhibition. It summarized their break with prevailing academic traditions calling for a freer, youth-oriented aesthetic. Although mostly written by Kirchner, this poster served as manifesto stating the ideals of Die Brücke. The members of Die Brücke drew largely from the writings of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche in terms of both their artistic project and their philosophical grounding. Their name came from a quote from Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883-85) that states, "What is great in man is that he is a bridge and not an end." The group exhibited and collaborated through 1913, when Kirchner penned Chronik der Brücke (Brücke Chronicle) and the collective effectively dissolved.
Vincent van Gogh
The Night Café
The Night Café
THE EXPRESSIONISM
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